In this Part 3 episode the story of Zhou Enlai is taken all the way up to the 1943 Yan'an Rectification Campaign.  We'll look at the Zunyi Conference, the Long March, the Xian Incident and finally the ill-fated Second United Front.  At every historic moment, Zhou Enlai was there, playing a lead role.

TERMS FROM THIS EPISODE

Ruijin   瑞金   City on Fujian-Jiangxi border

Gu Shunzhang   顾顺章 Early CCP leader and later betrayer

Xiang Zhongfa   向忠发 Early CCP leader appointed by the Comintern.

Bo Gu 博古 One of the 28 Bolsheviks and right hand to Wang Ming

Zhu De   朱德 Founder of the Red Army

Guizhou   贵州 Western province in China

Liping   黎平 City in eastern Guizhou

Guiyang Capital of Guizhou Province

Zunyi   遵义 City just north of Liping

Zunyi Huiyi The Zunyi Conference

Wang Ming   王明 Comintern appointed CCP leader and head of the 28 Bolsheviks

Zhang Wentian 张闻天 Former 28 Bolshevik and Party leader who sided with Mao

Wang Jiaxiang 王稼祥 Another former 28 Bolshevik and Party leader who sided with Mao

Yang Shangkun 杨尚昆 Major CCP leader and later President of PRC

Zhang Guotao 张国焘 CCP founding member, Mao rival and later KMT defector

Lianghekou 两河口 Place in northern Sichuan, site of the Lianghekou Meeting 6/28/1935

Maoergai 毛儿盖 Place in northern Sichuan, site of the Maoergai Meeting in August 2935.

Dadu River 大渡河 River in Sichuan, site of a famous battle during the Long March retreat

Yang Lisan   楊立三 Future PRC minister, helped carry Zhou's stretcher during the Long March

Zong Hòuqín Bù 总后勤部 Logistics and supply division of the PLA

Fu Lianzhang 傅连暲 Nelson Fu, Western trained Chinese doctor who made the Long March

Deng Yingchao 邓颖超   Wife and lifelong partner of Zhou Enlai

Yang Hucheng 杨虎城 Nationalist general commanding the Northwest Army

Dongbei Jun 东北军 The Northeast Army

Zhang Xueliang 张学良 The Young Marshal, son of Zhang Zuolin, PRC hero, ROC villain.

Shao Shi   少师 Young Marchal

Zhang Zuolin   张作霖 The Manchurian Warlord, father of Zhang Xueliang

Jiu Yi Ba 九一八 September 18, 1931 the Mukden Incident

Pu Yi 溥仪 the Last Emperor, brought out of retirement to be the figurehead of Manchukuo

Manchukuo 满洲国 Japanese puppet state set up in Manchuria

Yan'an 延安 Revolutionary base of the CCP after the Long March

Shaanxi 陕西 Northwest province of China.

Xian 西安 Site of ancient Chinese capitals and the capital of Shaanxi Province

Xinhua 新华 New China

Luoyang   洛阳 Former imperial capital from ancient times, city in Henan

Tang Xuanzong   唐玄宗 The Tang Dynasty emperor who took the dynasty to great heights

Yang Guifei 杨贵妃 Tang Xuanzong's favorite concubine

H.H. Kung 孔祥熙 Husband of Song Ailing and consummate insider into ROC politics

Song Meiling 宋美龄 Madame Chiang Kai-shek

T.V. Soong 宋子文 Brother of the Soong Sisters

Chiang Ching-kuo   蒋经国 Future ROC president and son of Chiang Kai-shek

Song Qingling   宋庆龄   Madame Sun Yat-sen

Xikou   溪口 Near Ningbo, the birthplace of Chiang Kai-shek and location of the Young Marshal's first prison.

Ba Lu Jun 八路军 The Eighth Route Army

Peng Dehuai   彭德怀 Great Red Army general

Ye Ting  叶挺 Red Army general from the early days of the revolution

Xiang Ying 项英 Early CCP organizer and leader in the New Fourth Army

Chongqing   重庆 Wartime capital of China after it was removed from Nanjing and Wuhan

Lan Ping - Jiang Qing 蓝苹 － 江青 - Madame Mao

Xinhua Ribao 新华日报 the New China Daily.

Tai'erzhuang campaign 台儿庄会战 a.k.a. The Battle of Taierzhuang. The Rep. of China's first victory over the Japanese army.

Li Zongren 李宗仁 former Guangxi warlord together with Bai Chongxi

Bai Chongxi   白崇禧 former Guangxi warlord together with Li Zongren

Wuhan   武汉 City in Hubei made up of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang

Bai Qiu'en 白求恩Norman Bethune

Dong Biwu   董必武 Early CCP leader and founding member

Chen Duxiu   陈独秀   CCP Co-Founder, along with Li Dazhao

Changsha 长沙 Capital of Hunan Province

Guilin 桂林 Picturesque city in Guangxi Province

Ye Jianying   叶剑英 Immortal Communist military leader and statesman

Dai Li 戴笠 Chiang Kai-shek's secret police chief

Shangguan Yunxiang   上官云相 KMT General, led the New Fourth Army Incident

Chen Yi   陈毅   Great general, Shanghai mayor, Foreign Minister

Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇 Great early CCP mover and shaker of a thousand talents. Prime target of the Cultural Revolution.

Yan'an Zhengfeng Yundong 延安整风运动 Yan'an Rectification Movement

Yundong 运动 Campaign or movement

Available for the holidays: The CHP Pu-Erh Tea - Gaiwan Gift Set

 

Also check out:

theanthill.org

"While We're Here"

earnshawbooks.com

 

and also....

Penguin Books China

 

"The Great Wall in 50 Objects" - William Lindesay

 

Shelia Melvin and Jindong Cai's "Beethoven in China: How the Composer Became an Icon in the People's Republic"

 

In this second part of what's shaping up to be a long series, Laszlo picks up at the Zhongshan Gunboat Incident and follows the life of Zhou Enlai through the challenging years of 1926-1934.

 

TERMS FROM THIS EPISODE

Huai'an 淮安   Located in Jiangsu, birthplace of Zhou Enlai

Shenyang   沈阳 City in Liaoning Province

Tianjin   天津 Major city east of Beijing

Zhongshan Jian Shijian   中山舰事件 The Zhongshan Gunboat Incident

Wu Peifu   吴佩孚 Zhili Clique warlord

Sun Chuanfang 孙传芳 The Nanking Warlord

Duan Qirui   段祺瑞 China statesman and Anhui Clique warlord

Feng Yuxiang   冯玉祥 The "Christian Warlord" of the Zhili Clique

Zhang Zuolin   张作霖 The Manchurian Warlord

Wang Jingwei   汪精卫 Early leader of the Republic China

Fuxing lu   复兴路 Road in Shanghai formerly known as Rue Lafayette

Kang Sheng   康生 Early CCP secret police chief and later "godfather" of the Cultural Revolution

Chen Duxiu   陈独秀   CCP Co-Founder

Wang Shouhua 汪寿华 a key CCP leader in Shanghai and Labor leader

Du Yuesheng 杜月笙 Shanghai "Green Gang" crime boss

Zhao Shu 赵舒 Led Chiang Kai-shek's 26th Army. Saved Zhou's life.

Wuhan   武汉 City in Hubei made up of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang

Li Dazhao   李大钊 CCP Co-Founder

Zhu De   朱德 Founder of the Red Army

He Long 贺龙 Great Red Army general, one of the Ten Marshals

Lin Biao   林彪   Great Red Army general, one of the Ten Marshals

Ye Ting  叶挺 Red Army general from the early days of the revolution

Nanchang   南昌 Capital of Jiangxi Province

Lu Xun   鲁迅 One of the greatest writers of his age

Mao Dun   real name 沈德鸿, great writer and former Minister of Culture

Qiushou Qiyi 秋收起义   Mao's Autumn Harvest Uprising

Nie Rongzhen   聂荣臻 Great Red Army general, one of the Ten Marshals

Chen Yi   陈毅   Great general, Shanghai mayor, Foreign Minister

Chaoshan   潮汕 Abbreviation for Chaozhou-Shantou

Chaozhou and Shantou 潮州和汕头 The twin cities of Chaozhou and Shantou in Guangdong

Xu Xiangqian 徐向前 Great Red Army general, one of the Ten Marshals

Jinggangshan   井冈山 The cradle of the revolution, where Mao went after the Autumn Harvest Uprising

Deng Yingchao   邓颖超   Wife and lifelong partner of Zhou Enlai

Xiang Zhongfa   向忠发 Early CCP leader appointed by the Comintern.

Li Lisan   李立三 Xiang's right hand who also played a leadership role

Song Qingling   宋庆龄   Madame Sun Yat-sen

Zhongyang Teke 中央特科 The CCP secret police (中国共产党中央特别行动科)

Gu Shunzhang   顾顺章 Early CCP leader and later betrayer

Wang Ming   王明 Comintern appointed CCP leader and head of the 28 Bolsheviks

Bo Gu  博古 One of the 28 Bolsheviks and right hand to Wang Ming

Ruijin   瑞金   City on Fujian-Jiangxi border

Dai Li 戴笠 Chiang Kai-shek's secret police chief

Peng Dehuai   彭德华 Great Red Army general

Futian Incident 富田事变 December 1930 incident where a mutinous battalian was put down

Ningdu   宁都 Site of a famous pre-Zunyi Conference CCP meeting

Li De   李徳 Chinese name of Comintern agent Otto Braun

Xiang Ying 项英 Early CCP organizer and leader in the New Fourth Army

Tan Zhenlin   谭震林 Great Red Army general

Qu Qiubai   瞿秋白 CCP leader, literary figure and martyr

Chen Jitang 陈济棠 A Hakka NRA general who turned on Chiang Kai-shek

The Xinhai Revolution   辛亥革命 The event that began with the Wuchang Uprising 10-10-1911

Xiang River   湘江 Largest river in Hunan and a major tributary of the Yangzi.

Guizhou   贵州 Western province in China

Liping   黎平 City in eastern Guizhou

Miao   苗族 In Vietnam they're known as the Hmong. General term for a diverse minority people in China (as well as Laos, Vietnam). Over 200,000 in the US.

Zunyi   遵义 City just north of Liping

 

In today's Part 1 episode Laszlo explores the early life of Zhou Enlai, growing up in a traditional scholar-official's family that had seen better days. Zhou gets passed from relative to relative. But each step of the way there were mentors and breaks that he was able to make the most of. We can see through his early years and into his teens how Zhou was perfectly trained and tested for the larger job that lay ahead.

 

CHP-161-Zhou Enlai Part 1 Terms

 

Zhou Enlai 周恩来 1898-1976

Jung Chang 张荣 British Chinese author famous for her critical biography of Mao Zedong and her book Wild Swans

Zhou zongli 周总理 Premier Zhou

Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇 One-time top Chinese leader, hounded to death during the Cultural Revolution

Lin Biao 林彪 Great military leader, later Mao's successor but not for long.

Wang Hongwen 王洪文 One of the Gang of Four and Mao's appointed successor but not for long.

Hua Guofeng 华国锋   Succeeded Mao in 1976 as Chairman of the Party

Deng Xiaoping 邓小平   Featured in CHP episodes 63-70

Huái'ān 淮安   City in northern Jiangsu province

Jiangsu 江苏   Province just north of Zhejiang

Shaoxing 绍兴   Historic city in Zhejiang, just west of Shanghai

Tianjin 天津 City in the north, just east of Beijing

Song Meiling 宋美龄   Madame Chiang Kai-shek

Zhou Panlong   周攀龙 Zhou Enlai's paternal grandfather

Zhou Yineng 周貽能 Zhou Enlai's father

Wan Dong'er 万冬儿 Zhou Enlai's natural mother

Lady Chen 陈氏 Zhou's 养母 or adoptive mother

Jiang Zhou's nurse who took care of him

Zhou Yigan 周贻淦 Zhou's uncle (younger brother of father)

shushu 叔叔 Uncle (younger brother of father)

didi 弟弟   Younger brother

muqin 母亲   Mother

ganma 干妈   Adoptive mother

waigong 外公   grandfather (father of one's mother)

Zhou Yiqian 周贻谦 Zhou's uncle (elder brother of father)

bofu 伯父   Uncle (elder brother of father)

Zhou Yigeng Uncle of Zhou Enlai who got led him to Tianjin

Zou Rong   邹容 Early revolutionary writer

Gemingjun 革命军 Revolutionary Army, Zou Rong's great work.

Kang Youwei 康有为   Reformer in the late 19th century

Liang Qichao 梁启超   Student of Kang Youwei who participated in the 100 Days of Reform

Nankai Middle School 天津南开中学

Yan Xiu 严修 Co-founder of Nankai Middle School

Zhang Boling 張伯苓 co-founder and president of Nankai

Jing Ye 敬业   Respect Work, Zhou Enlai's first journal

Xiao Feng 校风 School Wind School newspaper of Nankai

Chen Duxiu   陈独秀 Communist Party co-founder and writer

Xin Qingnian   新青年 Chen Duxiu's New Youth Magazine

Tianjin Xuesheng Lianhe Huibao 天津学生联合会包  Tianjin Student Union

Juewushe 觉悟社 Awakening Society

Deng Yingchao 邓颖超 Among other accomplishments, wife of Zhou Enlai

Yang Zhen Deng Yingchao's mother

Liu Qingyang 刘清扬 Early Communist Party member

Zhang Shenfu 张申府 Married to Liu Qingyang, another early Party operative

Li Dazhao 李大钊   CCP co-founder and librarian at Peking U

Guomintang 国民党 The KMT or Kuomintang

Li Fuchun 李富春 Longtime party leader, chairman of State Planning Commission

Nie Rongzhen 聂荣臻   Great military leader and called Father of China's Atomic Bomb

Zhu De 朱德   Red Army founder, great military leader

Chi Guang 赤光 Red Light, the journal printed in France

Guofu   国父 The Father of the Country (Sun Yat-sen)

Whampoa Military Academy 陆军官校 Funded and established by Soviets to train Chinese officers

Ye Jianying 叶剑英   Great military man and CCP stalwart

Chen Jiongming   陈炯明 Landlord in Guangdong, the target of the Eastern Campaign

Taiping Guan 太平馆 Restaurant in Guangzhou where Zhou and Deng Yingchao had a wedding reception.

Beijing Lu 北京路   Beijing Road

Zhongshan Gunboat Incident 中山舰事件 March 20, 1926, an incident that provoked a crackdown by Chiang Kai-shek against left leaning elements in the KMT as all Communists.

 

Go check out:

Nina Xiang's China Money Podcast

The Anthill - A Writer's Colony

The Sinica Podcast, a classic